What is radiation?
Radiation  is energy travelling through space in the form of waves or particles.  It occurs naturally and has always been around, we've evolved with it  and we're bombarded with it in one form or another every day of our  lives - from the earth, from space and even within our own bodies. Some  experts suggest a little radiation is a good thing and we all know of  its uses in medical science to combat and diagnose some illnesses.
There  are various types of radiation but we won't get into the physics of  atoms, neutrons and protons (there are plenty of websites that explain  it if you want the scientific stuff) - but we will tell you why  radiation is in mobile phones and whether or not you need to worry about  it.
Radiation and your mobile
The type of radiation emitted  from mobile phones is electromagnetic radiation. It's present in mobiles  because they use radio frequency (RF) waves to make and receive calls.  The doses are considered to be very small as the emissions are low power  (short range). Nevertheless, there are ways in which you can reduce  exposure to these waves.
The health risks
Despite extensive  research on the subject, there has been no conclusive evidence that  using a mobile phone causes long term harmful effects in humans.
The  pace of mobile phone technology is advancing at a far quicker pace than  the research required into the potential harm they can cause; much more  research is needed (and is being undertaken) before we can know for  certain the effects they have on human health. Nevertheless, mobiles do  emit low doses of radiation so common sense dictates precaution should  be taken when using them.
Studies have shown that exposure to the RF waves emitted from mobiles can cause:
slightly  raised blood pressure at the time of use, pressure returning to normal  when use is stopped (to put this into perspective, our blood pressure  changes regularly throughout the day and is even affected by tasks such  as speaking)
direct brain warming after prolonged use, which disperses as soon as you stop using your phone and causes no harm
mild fatigue after prolonged use
a  recent study in Sweden suggested that acoustic neuromas (benign tumours  of the acoustic nerve) are twice as common in mobile phone users than  in those who do not use mobiles.
There is no evidence that using a mobile phone causes:
tumours
memory impairment
cancer
brain damage
foetal damage
The  health risk is considered to be very, very small, although some  individuals may be more susceptible to radiation than others. Whilst  it's true that excessive exposure to RF waves causes heating, the spoof  claims you may have heard about being able to cook an egg using a mobile  phone are entirely false.
Reduce exposure
Whilst there's no  evidence that mobiles produce sufficient levels of radiation to cause  any lasting ill effects, there's no harm in taking simple precautions to  reduce the levels of radiation you absorb from using your phone:
moving your phone 20cm away from your head reduces radiation doses by about 98%
hands free headsets dramatically reduce radiation emissions into the brain
try not to chat for hours on end or, if you must, get a hands free kit
there  are a few devices on the market that you can fit to your phone that  reduce the emissions of radiation or allow the body to neutralise the  effects, but beware of over-hyped promotions by these manufacturers  using scare tactics to market their products.
it's always sensible to  take precautions where children are concerned as their developing  brains and bodies are far more susceptible to radiation effects than  adults, absorbing radiation at three times an adult's rate.
Mobile phone antennas and base stations
There's  been a lot of controversy about radio antennas, mobile phone antennas  and their emissions causing leukemia and other diseases. (Note it is the  actual antenna itself that emits radio waves, not the structure that  supports it.) The truth is, there is no conclusive evidence one way or  the other, but here are few facts about levels of radiation transmission  from mobile phone antennas:
to get a dose of radiation considered dangerous from a mobile phone transmission antenna, you'd have to be almost touching it
the antennas don't beam directly down so don't 'blow' radiation directly onto us below
the towers that support the antennas don't emit radiation
radiation  dramatically and rapidly decreases as you move away from the mast - 10  metres away, the dose is 0.1% of what it was at 1 metre away; 0.0125% at  20 metres away and so on.
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